Health care : Calcium‏

You are mostly water and then you are mostly calcium!

Calcium is a mineral and all minerals are metals.
Remember when your doctor prescribes you vitamin and mineral supplements, they are prescribing you vitamin and metal supplements.

So besides water you are mostly metal!

No two ways about it, taking the wrong calcium,
like Coral Calcium, can cause major health problems!

The simple act of taking Vitamins with Minerals can promote disease. Metals, when added to the body, must be bound to a metalloenzyme (an enzyme that contains one or more metals). Enzymes are like the horse pulling a cart (the metal) to where it belongs and can be used by the body. When the body is unable to respond with the proper metalloenzyme, disease can occur.

Calcium not only makes up your bones, it's also found in your nerves, muscles and most of the cells in your body. Calcium, along with other vitamins and metals, are in water and almost everything you eat.

There are two common forms of calcium and dozens of chemical compounds of calcium. One good, the other very bad. This is a well kept secret in the medical and water industry. Tens of billions of dollars are being made in hospitals because of heart disease and selling water softeners that use salt to remove the good calcium from water.

There are more than 60 chemical forms of calcium (Ca): Calcium acetate, Calcium benzoate, Calcium bromate, Carbonate (CaCO2), Carbide (CaC2)Chlorate, Chloride (CaCl2), Chromate, Fluoride, Gluconate (C12H22CaO14)Hydroxide (Ca[OH]2), Oxide (CaO), Nitrite, Phosphate (Ca3[PO4]2), Sulfate (CaSO4) and on and on. Your body needs calcium, but the calcium it needs has to be water soluble, digestible, and recognized by the body. From there, the body then has to chemically process it. All calcium is not water soluble, nor is it digestible or recognizable by the body, therefore, the body is unable to process it effectively.

Water, milk, cheese and vegetables are the best source of calcium.

1. Calcium Carbonate (Bad) - causes scale and plaque. Coral Calcium is a carbonate based calcium.

2. Calcium Bicarbonate (Very Good and very water soluble) - found in meats, fruits and vegetables this calcium builds strong bones when it is properly bound to enzymes and converted by the body.

There is a big difference between the many types of calcium. Someone with osteoporosis, for example, and loosing bone mass, should avoid calcium carbonate pills. They could develop for example, bone spurs on the foot. Every had plantar faciitis? If so, you've probably had a referral to see a Podiatrist (foot specialist). Should you take a different calcium like calcium citrate in lieu of calcium carbonate? Probably not; you probably don't kneed more calcium - you probably need the enzymes essential for control of the calcium that are already in your body. Do not ingest the bad Calcium (Carbonate) - it is not soluble in water.

Limestone, clam shells and marble are like the scale in your plumbing, which is known as calcium carbonate. This form of calcium is not soluble in water and is not bio-available. When calcium is taken in the bad form like calcium carbonate, the body tends to put it anywhere it wants to.

If bad calcium builds up in the arteries it can restrict blood flow to the heart, brain, legs, feet and other areas of the body which may cause major health issues.
Bad calcium may cause gallstones, kidney stones, buildup in the joints as arthritis. It could even be responsible for diabetes and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Calcium buildup is easily detected by an EBT (Electron Beam Tomography) scan. An EBT scan is more accurate, less costly and much safer than an angiogram.

EBT is now one of the major screening devices for the detection of coronary artery disease. Ten times faster than more traditional CT scans, EBT has been approved by the FDA and is considered ideal for detection of calcification in coronary arteries.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is currently an incurable condition in which too much glucose (sugar) is present in the blood. Find out more about the different types and how it's treated. A common problem Diabetes occurs because the body can't use glucose properly, either owing to a lack of the hormone insulin, or because the insulin available doesn't work effectively. The full name 'diabetes mellitus' derives from the Greek word 'diabetes' meaning siphon - to pass through - and 'mellitus' - the Latin for honeyed or sweet. This is because not only is excess sugar found in the blood but it may also appear in the urine, hence it being known in the 17th century as the 'pissing evil'. Diabetes has been a recognised condition for more than 3,500 years. According to the charity Diabetes UK, more than 2 million people in the UK have the condition, and up to 750,000 more are believed to have it without realising they do. More than three-quarters of people with diabetes have what is called type 2 diabetes mellitus.This used to be known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. The remainder have type 1 diabetes mellitus, which used to be known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. What's the difference? • In type 1, the body's unable to produce any insulin. This usually starts in childhood or young adulthood. It's treated with diet control and insulin injections. • In type 2, not enough insulin is produced or the insulin that is made by the body doesn't work properly. This tends to affect people as they get older, and usually appears after the age of 40. Normal blood sugar control The body converts glucose from food into energy. Glucose comes ready made in sweet foods such as sweets and cakes, or from starchy foods such as potatoes, pasta or bread once they're digested. The liver is also able to manufacture glucose. Under normal circumstances, the hormone insulin, which is made by the pancreas, carefully regulates how much glucose is in the blood. Insulin stimulates cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood for the energy, or fuel, that they need. Insulin also stimulates the liver to absorb and store any glucose that's left over. After a meal, the amount of glucose in the blood rises, and this triggers the release of insulin. When blood glucose levels fall, during exercise for example, insulin levels fall too. A second hormone manufactured by the pancreas is called glucagon. It stimulates the liver to release glucose when it's needed, and this raises the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin is manufactured and stored in the pancreas, which is a thin gland about 15cm (6in) long that lies crosswise behind the stomach. It's often described as being two glands in one, since in addition to making insulin it also produces enzymes that are vital for digestion of food. These include lipase, which helps to digest fat, and amylase that helps to digest starchy foods. It also releases 'bicarbonate of soda' to neutralise any stomach acid that may otherwise damage the lining of the gut.

Liver Cancer

Liver is the second largest human organ, coming after skin. It is the chemical factory of human body and has some important functions, as storing some nutrients, converting fat to energy when necessary, producing bile, making certain amino acids, filtering harmful substances from blood, producing cholesterol, and so on. No one can live without liver. Liver cancer is the sixth most common diagnosed cancer and the third cause of cancer death worldwide. The incidence rates of liver cancer in Europe, and America is low, while the incidence rate of East Asia and Middle Africa can be three-fold higher than the average level, perhaps due to the high infection rate of hepatitis B and C and consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxin in those areas. And the incidence rate in males is about three times that in females. But even in western country the new cases of primary liver cancer increase while many other cancers are declining. What is liver cancer?Liver cancer refers to the growth of malignant tumors in liver tissue. Cancer is named after where it originally starts. Only cancer that starts in the liver is called liver cancer, or primary liver cancer. In all cases of liver tumors, primary liver cancer is relatively rare. In most cases, it is secondary cancer or metastatic liver cancer, which means that tumor originally grows in other part of the body, has spread to liver. Usually the data of liver cancer only refers to the cases of primary liver cancer. There are two different types of primary liver cancer, heptoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Heptoma or hepatocullular carcinoma (HCC) is the cancer that arises from hepatocytes, the main function liver cells. HCC is a ball-like tumor, usually confined to the liver, thought sometimes it spreads to other organs. It is more common in men and mostly occurs in people with cirrhosis. Cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancer starts in the bile duct cells. This cancer grows along the bile ducts in sheets or lines, and is hard to find with X-ray. Cholangiocarcinoma is more common in women. Some primary tumors in the liver are benign (non-cancerous). They are usually small and may cause no symptoms. And they do not usually need to be removed unless they are causing symptoms. Most cases of liver cancer are actually metastases. Liver is one of the most common places for metastases to grow due to its high blood flow and biological functions. Secondary liver cancers can be metastases originally from colon, pancreas, stomach, lung or breast. What are the symptoms for liver cancer?A very early liver cancer usually has little or no symptoms since it is too small to cause any. As the cancer enlarges, it will have symptoms. Following are some of the symptoms for liver cancers.
Weight loss: Significant weight loss is defined as weight loss of more than 10% of the normal weight. Obvious loss of body weight doesn¡¯t necessarily mean that you are ill if you are on diet. But when there is no obvious explanation for the weight loss, please go to check it out with doctor. Swollen tummy (abdomen): Liver itself can get bigger with the cancer growing large, which may cause swelling over the right side of the abdomen. Meanwhile, sometimes swollen tummy is caused by ascites because the high pressure in the cancerous liver veins forces the fluid to leak from the veins into the abdomen. If ascites does develop, a tube can be put through the wall of the abdomen to drain the fluid away.Jaundice: Jaundice is yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclerae (white of the eyes). As the tumor grows large, the bile ducts of liver can become blocked, and the bile produced by the liver will flow back into the bloodstream, and the bilirubin in the blood accumulates, which causes juandice. Other signs of jaundice are dark-coloured urine and pale stools. The jaundice can be relieved sometimes by itself, or by inserting a narrow tube called stent in to the bile duct to keep it open and to allow the bile to flow normally into the small intestine. Pains: Sometimes people carrying liver cancer may feel a pain in the upper abdomen due to enlargement of the liver. Pains can also be felt in the right shoulder blade as nerves beneath the diaphragm connecting the right shoulder are stimulated by the enlarged liver. Other symptoms of liver cancer include loss of appetite, breast swelling in males, feeling sick and feeling full after a small meal. Some even have a high fever and feel shivery. If you have any one or some of the risk factors for liver cancer, and any of the above symptoms, please go to check it out with your doctor immediately. What are the risk factors for liver cancer?The exact cause of liver cancer is still unknown. But there are several risk factors that are known to increase one¡¯s likelihood to get liver cancer.
Cirrhosis: Over 80 percent of liver cancer cases in western countries are linked to cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis is a fine scar tissue throughout the liver due to previous damages, including infection, inherited diseases and alcohol abuse. In the United States, hepatitis C and heavy alcohol drinking over a long period of time are the main causes of liver cirrhosis. However, only a small proportion of people who have liver cirrhosis develop primary liver cancer. Infection: Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases greatly the risk of developing liver cancer. Infection with HBV and HCV can also be the cause of cirrhosis, which increases the risk of liver cancer. HBV and HCV can spread from person to person through sharing contaminated needles (such as in drug use), unprotected sex, childbirth and blood transfusion. In the Unites States, infection of HCV is the most common cause of liver cancer while in Asia and developing countries, infection of HBV is more common. People infected by the two virus have higher risk to develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Of the two viruses, infection with HBV is more likely to cause symptoms, such as a flu-like illness and jaundice. And only a very small percentage of adults become chronic carriers. But the risk is higher in infants and small children who become infected. HCV, on the other hand, is less likely to cause symptoms. But most people with HCV develop chronic infections, more likely leading to liver cancer. Smoking: There is a link between smoking and liver cancer. Studies conducted in China and Japan show that among those who infected with HBV or HCV, the risk of smoker to develop liver cancer is as high as 12 times of non-smoker¡¯s. Inherited metabolic diseases: Certain inherited metabolic diseases can also lead to liver cancer. People with conditions of haemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, or porphyria cutanea tarda, have a higher risk of developing hepatoma. Obesity: Obesity can result in fatty liver disease and cirrhosis, which increase the risk of liver cancer. Aflatoxins: Alatoxin is a cancer-causing substances, found in mouldy peanuts, wheat, soybeans, ground nuts, corn and rice. Long-term exposure to aflatoxins is a major cause of hepatoma in Africa and Asia. The risk increases in people with HBV, or HCV infection.Anabolic Steroids: Anabolic steroids are male hormones that some athletes are known to use to increase their strength. Long-term use of anabolic steroid can slightly increase the risk of hepatocellular cancer. Arsenic: Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water, which might occur in some wells, increases the risk of liver cancer. This is more common in parts of East Asia.Diabetes: Diabetes can increase the risk of liver cancer if the patients have other risk factors such as heavy alcohol consumption or chronic hepatitis.Please remember that risk factors are not at all absolute. Having a risk factor, or even several risk factors, does not mean that you will get liver cancer. And many people who carry liver cancer may not have had any known risk factors listed above. How is primary liver cancer staged?Stage tells how widespread a cancer is. It tells whether the cancer is still contained within the liver or has spread to elsewhere. The stage of liver cancer is the most important factor for the doctor to decide the appropriate treatment options. The most accepted stage system of liver cancer is the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system. It tells the information including, tumor (T), extent of spread to regional lymph nodes (N), and whether the cancer has metastasized to other organ of the body (M).
Information for staging: TX, primary tumor cannot be assessed; T0, no evidence of tumor; T1, single tumor (any size) without invasion into blood vessels; T2, single tumor (any size) with invastion into blood vessels, or multiple tumors none of which are greater than 5 cm across; T3, multiple tumors that are greater than 5 cm across, or a tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic veins; T4, tumor invading a nearby organ (other than the gallbladder), or tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (covering surrounding the liver).NX, regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed; N0, cancer has not spread to regional lymph nodes; N1, the cancer has spread to the regional lymph nodes.MX, distant spread cannot be assessed; M0, the cancer has not spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs; M1, the cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs. Summary of stages The T, N, M groups are combine to give an overall stage: Stage I - T1, N0, M0: there is a single tumor (any size) that does not invade blood vessels.Stage II - T2, N0, M0: there is a single tumor (any size) that does invade blood vessels; or there are several tumors, and all are less than 5 cm in diameter.Stage IIIA - T3, N0, M0: there are several tumors, and at least one is larger than 5 cm in diameter; or a tumor invades a branch of the major liver blood vessels (portal vein or hepatic vein).Stage IIIB - T4, N0, M0: a tumor invades a nearby organ (other than the gallbladder); or tumor has penetrated the outer covering of the liver.Stage IIIC - Any T, N1, M0: the cancer has invaded nearby lymph nodes, no matter the size and number of tumors.Stage IV - Any T, Any N, M1: the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, no matter the size and number of tumors, and whether nearby lymph nodes involved or not.Traditional TreatmentsThe treatments vary greatly according to the individuals. To create a treatment plan, the most important factor is the stage of liver cancer, and the doctors would also take into account the age, general stage of health, personal preference. Some possible treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy.
SurgerySurgery is the most effective treatment for primary liver cancer that has not spread. There are two main options: liver transplant and partial hepatectomy. Both are potentially curable treatments. But only a very small portion of patients could benefit from surgeries. Hepatectomy is the surgical removal of the liver. The extent of hepactectomy depends on the number, size and site of cancer. The surgery may remove part of liver containing cancer, an entire lobe, or an even larger portion of liver. Liver has an amazing ability for self-repair. Even more than half of the liver is removed, it would grow back to its normal size in a couple of weeks. But hepatectomy is only available for those who are diagnosed early and no cirrhosis or metastasis occurs and whose rest of liver is still healthy. However even hepatectomy is taken, recurrence may occur sometimes if the liver still contains cancer the underlying disease that led to the first one. Liver transplant is to remove the whole liver and to replace it with a liver from another person. It may be a good option for the patients who have cirrhosis. But only those, whose liver tumor is less than 5 cm or up to 3 tumors all smaller than 3 cm across, can have liver transplant. Unfortunately the suitable donor for liver cancer is limited. And for most cases of primary liver cancer, liver transplant couldn¡¯t help. It is a too big surgery to survive if the patient is too ill. Or if the cancer has spread to other part of body, transplant won¡¯t cure it.ChemotherapyIn cancer treatments, doctors use chemotherapy to slow down the progress of cancer and palliate symptoms. But generally, primary liver cancers in adults are not sensitive to the usual chemotherapy. But chemotherapy is a standard tool to hepatoblastoma, the type of liver cancer that affects only children. Chemotherapy is often used to shrink the cancer before the surgery, or try to stop the cancer from coming back after surgery. RadiotherapyRadiotherapy uses high¨Cenergy ray to kill cancer cells. It helps to shrink the cancer to relieve the pain but no improvement of survival since normal liver cancer is sensitive to radiation together with liver cancer cells.
Pilot treatmentsCombination of surgery and immunotherapy for early stage liver cancer.Surgery, or hepatectomy, is the most promising option for early stage liver cancer patients with no cirrhosis to remove the lesion and control the development of the disease. Then CIK biotherapy, as the most efficient immunotherapy at present, will be adopted to kill the tiny scattered cancerous cells in blood and lymph and to restore the immune system.
Features:1. Radical cure for early stage liver cancer.2. Efficient prevention of recurrence and metastasis. 3. No toxicity or side effects to human body. No destroy to normal tissues. CIK cells could recognize and kill cancerous cells with no harm to healthy cells. 4. Quick recovery after treatments. 5. Quality of life improved with an enhanced immune system.Combination of Cryoablation, Gene therapy, Antiangionesis therapy, interventional therapy and immunotherapy for advanced stage liver cancerAdvanced stage refers to stage IIIb or IV. At advanced stage, the liver tumors usually are relative large with multiple metastases. Surgery is no longer available and chemotherapy cannot control the growth of tumor for advanced liver cancer. Our pilot treatment could cease the development of liver cancer and relieve the pains suffered by patients with good quality of life. Cryoablation kills cancer cells by freeze-thaw cycle and it is available to advanced stage liver cancer patients as well as early stage ones. Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the interventional therapy usually applied to treat liver cancer. Small catheters are punctured to the branches of the hepatic artery supplying the tumors and aliquots of chemotherapy dose and of embolic particles are injected through the catheters. TACE kills tumor in a better efficiency since it cuts off the blood supply for tumor and it allows a higher dose to the cancerous tissue while reducing toxicity to the whole body. CIK-DC cell immunotherapy, the most efficient immunotherapy at present, can kill the tiny scattered cancerous cells in blood and lymph and to restore the immune system.
Features:1. Minimally invasive surgery-cryoablation, with little harm to normal function and little pains to patients, small wound and quick recovery.2. Available for advanced liver cancer patients. Most of primary liver cancers diagnosed are advanced liver cancer patients who have no chance for hepatectomy. Then cryoablation is a good option to remove the lesions safely and quickly.3. Ar-He cryoablation can block out blood vessel, which helps to enhance the therapeutic effects of TACE on large liver tumors.4. CIK-DC cell immunotherapy, as well as enhances the efficacy of Ar-He cryoablation and TACE, can improve the immune function against tumor, which significantly extends survival time with a good quality of life. 5. No toxicity or side effects.The pilot treatment for advanced stage liver cancer offered by CTC removes the lesions as well as improves immune system. It is a promising treatment to improve life quality and extend survival time. Combination of Cryoablation, Gene therapy, Antiangionesis therapy, interventional therapy and immunotherapy for recurrence and metastatic liver cancer. Metastatic liver cancer is secondary liver cancer. Together with recurrence, metastatic liver cancer usually happens in advanced stage, when the patient is too weak for another surgery or for chemotherapy. Combination of Cryoablation, interventional therapy and CIK-DC cell immunotherapy is a good systematic treatment for recurrence and metastatic liver cancer.

Aerobic exercise:

What 30 minutes a day can do
Investing 30 minutes a day in aerobic exercise — such as walking, bicycling or swimming — can help you live longer and healthier. In fact, aerobic exercise may be the magic bullet you've been looking for.

Take a look at the health benefits associated with aerobic exercise. See how aerobic exercise affects your heart, lungs and blood flow — and get motivated to reap the rewards!

HOW YOUR BODY RESPONDS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE
During aerobic exercise, you repeatedly move large muscles in your arms, legs and hips. You'll notice your body's responses quickly.

You'll breathe faster and more deeply. This maximizes the amount of oxygen in your blood. Your heart will beat faster, which increases blood flow to your muscles and back to your lungs. Your small blood vessels (capillaries) will widen to deliver more oxygen to your muscles and carry away waste products, such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid. Your body will even release endorphins, natural painkillers that promote an increased sense of well-being.

WHAT AEROBIC EXERCISE DOES FOR YOUR HEALTH
Regardless of your age, weight or athletic ability, aerobic exercise is good for you. As your body adapts to regular aerobic exercise, you'll get stronger and more efficient. Consider some of the many ways that aerobic exercise can help you feel better and enjoy life to the fullest.

Regular aerobic exercise can:

Reduce health risks. Aerobic exercise reduces the risk of many conditions, including obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, stroke and certain types of cancer. Weight-bearing aerobic exercises, such as walking, reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Help you manage chronic conditions. Aerobic exercise helps lower high blood pressure, control blood sugar and relieve chronic muscle pain. If you've had a heart attack, aerobic exercise can help prevent subsequent attacks.
Keep excess pounds at bay. Combined with a healthy diet, aerobic exercise can help you lose weight — and keep it off.
Ward off viral illnesses. Aerobic exercise activates your immune system. This leaves you less susceptible to minor viral illnesses, such as colds and flu.
Keep your arteries clear. Aerobic exercise increases the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or "good") cholesterol and decreases the concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or "bad") cholesterol in your blood. The potential result? Less buildup of plaques in your arteries.
Strengthen your heart. A stronger heart doesn't need to beat as fast. A stronger heart also pumps blood more efficiently, which improves blood flow to all parts of your body.
Boost your mood. Aerobic exercise can ease the gloominess of depression and reduce the tension associated with anxiety, as well as promote relaxation.
Increase your stamina. Aerobic exercise may make you tired in the short term. But over the long term, you'll enjoy increased stamina and reduced fatigue.
Stay active and independent as you get older. Aerobic exercise keeps your muscles strong, which can help you maintain mobility as you get older. Aerobic exercise also keeps your mind sharp. Researchers say that at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise three days a week can reduce cognitive decline in older adults.
Need more convincing? People who engage in regular aerobic exercise appear to live longer than those who don't.

START SLOWLY
Check with your doctor before you begin to exercise. Once you have your doctor's OK, start slowly. You might walk five minutes in the morning and five minutes in the evening. The next day, add a few minutes to each walking session. Pick up the pace a bit, too. Soon, you could be walking briskly for 30 minutes a day — and reaping all the benefits of regular aerobic exercise.

Other options might include cross-country skiing, aerobic dancing, swimming, stair climbing, bicycling, jogging, elliptical training or rowing. If you have a condition that limits your ability to exercise, ask your doctor about alternatives. If you have arthritis, for example, aquatic exercises may give you the benefits of aerobic exercise without stressing your joints.

Live longer and stay healthier with just 30 minutes of aerobic exercise a day!

Liver Cancer

Liver is the second largest human organ, coming after skin. It is the chemical factory of human body and has some important functions, as storing some nutrients, converting fat to energy when necessary, producing bile, making certain amino acids, filtering harmful substances from blood, producing cholesterol, and so on. No one can live without liver. Liver cancer is the sixth most common diagnosed cancer and the third cause of cancer death worldwide. The incidence rates of liver cancer in Europe, and America is low, while the incidence rate of East Asia and Middle Africa can be three-fold higher than the average level, perhaps due to the high infection rate of hepatitis B and C and consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxin in those areas. And the incidence rate in males is about three times that in females. But even in western country the new cases of primary liver cancer increase while many other cancers are declining. What is liver cancer?Liver cancer refers to the growth of malignant tumors in liver tissue. Cancer is named after where it originally starts. Only cancer that starts in the liver is called liver cancer, or primary liver cancer. In all cases of liver tumors, primary liver cancer is relatively rare. In most cases, it is secondary cancer or metastatic liver cancer, which means that tumor originally grows in other part of the body, has spread to liver. Usually the data of liver cancer only refers to the cases of primary liver cancer. There are two different types of primary liver cancer, heptoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Heptoma or hepatocullular carcinoma (HCC) is the cancer that arises from hepatocytes, the main function liver cells. HCC is a ball-like tumor, usually confined to the liver, thought sometimes it spreads to other organs. It is more common in men and mostly occurs in people with cirrhosis. Cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancer starts in the bile duct cells. This cancer grows along the bile ducts in sheets or lines, and is hard to find with X-ray. Cholangiocarcinoma is more common in women. Some primary tumors in the liver are benign (non-cancerous). They are usually small and may cause no symptoms. And they do not usually need to be removed unless they are causing symptoms. Most cases of liver cancer are actually metastases. Liver is one of the most common places for metastases to grow due to its high blood flow and biological functions. Secondary liver cancers can be metastases originally from colon, pancreas, stomach, lung or breast. What are the symptoms for liver cancer?A very early liver cancer usually has little or no symptoms since it is too small to cause any. As the cancer enlarges, it will have symptoms. Following are some of the symptoms for liver cancers.
Weight loss: Significant weight loss is defined as weight loss of more than 10% of the normal weight. Obvious loss of body weight doesn¡¯t necessarily mean that you are ill if you are on diet. But when there is no obvious explanation for the weight loss, please go to check it out with doctor. Swollen tummy (abdomen): Liver itself can get bigger with the cancer growing large, which may cause swelling over the right side of the abdomen. Meanwhile, sometimes swollen tummy is caused by ascites because the high pressure in the cancerous liver veins forces the fluid to leak from the veins into the abdomen. If ascites does develop, a tube can be put through the wall of the abdomen to drain the fluid away.Jaundice: Jaundice is yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclerae (white of the eyes). As the tumor grows large, the bile ducts of liver can become blocked, and the bile produced by the liver will flow back into the bloodstream, and the bilirubin in the blood accumulates, which causes juandice. Other signs of jaundice are dark-coloured urine and pale stools. The jaundice can be relieved sometimes by itself, or by inserting a narrow tube called stent in to the bile duct to keep it open and to allow the bile to flow normally into the small intestine. Pains: Sometimes people carrying liver cancer may feel a pain in the upper abdomen due to enlargement of the liver. Pains can also be felt in the right shoulder blade as nerves beneath the diaphragm connecting the right shoulder are stimulated by the enlarged liver. Other symptoms of liver cancer include loss of appetite, breast swelling in males, feeling sick and feeling full after a small meal. Some even have a high fever and feel shivery. If you have any one or some of the risk factors for liver cancer, and any of the above symptoms, please go to check it out with your doctor immediately. What are the risk factors for liver cancer?The exact cause of liver cancer is still unknown. But there are several risk factors that are known to increase one¡¯s likelihood to get liver cancer.
Cirrhosis: Over 80 percent of liver cancer cases in western countries are linked to cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis is a fine scar tissue throughout the liver due to previous damages, including infection, inherited diseases and alcohol abuse. In the United States, hepatitis C and heavy alcohol drinking over a long period of time are the main causes of liver cirrhosis. However, only a small proportion of people who have liver cirrhosis develop primary liver cancer. Infection: Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases greatly the risk of developing liver cancer. Infection with HBV and HCV can also be the cause of cirrhosis, which increases the risk of liver cancer. HBV and HCV can spread from person to person through sharing contaminated needles (such as in drug use), unprotected sex, childbirth and blood transfusion. In the Unites States, infection of HCV is the most common cause of liver cancer while in Asia and developing countries, infection of HBV is more common. People infected by the two virus have higher risk to develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Of the two viruses, infection with HBV is more likely to cause symptoms, such as a flu-like illness and jaundice. And only a very small percentage of adults become chronic carriers. But the risk is higher in infants and small children who become infected. HCV, on the other hand, is less likely to cause symptoms. But most people with HCV develop chronic infections, more likely leading to liver cancer. Smoking: There is a link between smoking and liver cancer. Studies conducted in China and Japan show that among those who infected with HBV or HCV, the risk of smoker to develop liver cancer is as high as 12 times of non-smoker¡¯s. Inherited metabolic diseases: Certain inherited metabolic diseases can also lead to liver cancer. People with conditions of haemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, or porphyria cutanea tarda, have a higher risk of developing hepatoma. Obesity: Obesity can result in fatty liver disease and cirrhosis, which increase the risk of liver cancer. Aflatoxins: Alatoxin is a cancer-causing substances, found in mouldy peanuts, wheat, soybeans, ground nuts, corn and rice. Long-term exposure to aflatoxins is a major cause of hepatoma in Africa and Asia. The risk increases in people with HBV, or HCV infection.Anabolic Steroids: Anabolic steroids are male hormones that some athletes are known to use to increase their strength. Long-term use of anabolic steroid can slightly increase the risk of hepatocellular cancer. Arsenic: Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water, which might occur in some wells, increases the risk of liver cancer. This is more common in parts of East Asia.Diabetes: Diabetes can increase the risk of liver cancer if the patients have other risk factors such as heavy alcohol consumption or chronic hepatitis.Please remember that risk factors are not at all absolute. Having a risk factor, or even several risk factors, does not mean that you will get liver cancer. And many people who carry liver cancer may not have had any known risk factors listed above. How is primary liver cancer staged?Stage tells how widespread a cancer is. It tells whether the cancer is still contained within the liver or has spread to elsewhere. The stage of liver cancer is the most important factor for the doctor to decide the appropriate treatment options. The most accepted stage system of liver cancer is the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system. It tells the information including, tumor (T), extent of spread to regional lymph nodes (N), and whether the cancer has metastasized to other organ of the body (M).
Information for staging: TX, primary tumor cannot be assessed; T0, no evidence of tumor; T1, single tumor (any size) without invasion into blood vessels; T2, single tumor (any size) with invastion into blood vessels, or multiple tumors none of which are greater than 5 cm across; T3, multiple tumors that are greater than 5 cm across, or a tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic veins; T4, tumor invading a nearby organ (other than the gallbladder), or tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (covering surrounding the liver).NX, regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed; N0, cancer has not spread to regional lymph nodes; N1, the cancer has spread to the regional lymph nodes.MX, distant spread cannot be assessed; M0, the cancer has not spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs; M1, the cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs. Summary of stages The T, N, M groups are combine to give an overall stage: Stage I - T1, N0, M0: there is a single tumor (any size) that does not invade blood vessels.Stage II - T2, N0, M0: there is a single tumor (any size) that does invade blood vessels; or there are several tumors, and all are less than 5 cm in diameter.Stage IIIA - T3, N0, M0: there are several tumors, and at least one is larger than 5 cm in diameter; or a tumor invades a branch of the major liver blood vessels (portal vein or hepatic vein).Stage IIIB - T4, N0, M0: a tumor invades a nearby organ (other than the gallbladder); or tumor has penetrated the outer covering of the liver.Stage IIIC - Any T, N1, M0: the cancer has invaded nearby lymph nodes, no matter the size and number of tumors.Stage IV - Any T, Any N, M1: the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, no matter the size and number of tumors, and whether nearby lymph nodes involved or not.Traditional TreatmentsThe treatments vary greatly according to the individuals. To create a treatment plan, the most important factor is the stage of liver cancer, and the doctors would also take into account the age, general stage of health, personal preference. Some possible treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy.
SurgerySurgery is the most effective treatment for primary liver cancer that has not spread. There are two main options: liver transplant and partial hepatectomy. Both are potentially curable treatments. But only a very small portion of patients could benefit from surgeries. Hepatectomy is the surgical removal of the liver. The extent of hepactectomy depends on the number, size and site of cancer. The surgery may remove part of liver containing cancer, an entire lobe, or an even larger portion of liver. Liver has an amazing ability for self-repair. Even more than half of the liver is removed, it would grow back to its normal size in a couple of weeks. But hepatectomy is only available for those who are diagnosed early and no cirrhosis or metastasis occurs and whose rest of liver is still healthy. However even hepatectomy is taken, recurrence may occur sometimes if the liver still contains cancer the underlying disease that led to the first one. Liver transplant is to remove the whole liver and to replace it with a liver from another person. It may be a good option for the patients who have cirrhosis. But only those, whose liver tumor is less than 5 cm or up to 3 tumors all smaller than 3 cm across, can have liver transplant. Unfortunately the suitable donor for liver cancer is limited. And for most cases of primary liver cancer, liver transplant couldn¡¯t help. It is a too big surgery to survive if the patient is too ill. Or if the cancer has spread to other part of body, transplant won¡¯t cure it.ChemotherapyIn cancer treatments, doctors use chemotherapy to slow down the progress of cancer and palliate symptoms. But generally, primary liver cancers in adults are not sensitive to the usual chemotherapy. But chemotherapy is a standard tool to hepatoblastoma, the type of liver cancer that affects only children. Chemotherapy is often used to shrink the cancer before the surgery, or try to stop the cancer from coming back after surgery. RadiotherapyRadiotherapy uses high¨Cenergy ray to kill cancer cells. It helps to shrink the cancer to relieve the pain but no improvement of survival since normal liver cancer is sensitive to radiation together with liver cancer cells.
Pilot treatmentsCombination of surgery and immunotherapy for early stage liver cancer.Surgery, or hepatectomy, is the most promising option for early stage liver cancer patients with no cirrhosis to remove the lesion and control the development of the disease. Then CIK biotherapy, as the most efficient immunotherapy at present, will be adopted to kill the tiny scattered cancerous cells in blood and lymph and to restore the immune system.
Features:1. Radical cure for early stage liver cancer.2. Efficient prevention of recurrence and metastasis. 3. No toxicity or side effects to human body. No destroy to normal tissues. CIK cells could recognize and kill cancerous cells with no harm to healthy cells. 4. Quick recovery after treatments. 5. Quality of life improved with an enhanced immune system.Combination of Cryoablation, Gene therapy, Antiangionesis therapy, interventional therapy and immunotherapy for advanced stage liver cancerAdvanced stage refers to stage IIIb or IV. At advanced stage, the liver tumors usually are relative large with multiple metastases. Surgery is no longer available and chemotherapy cannot control the growth of tumor for advanced liver cancer. Our pilot treatment could cease the development of liver cancer and relieve the pains suffered by patients with good quality of life. Cryoablation kills cancer cells by freeze-thaw cycle and it is available to advanced stage liver cancer patients as well as early stage ones. Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the interventional therapy usually applied to treat liver cancer. Small catheters are punctured to the branches of the hepatic artery supplying the tumors and aliquots of chemotherapy dose and of embolic particles are injected through the catheters. TACE kills tumor in a better efficiency since it cuts off the blood supply for tumor and it allows a higher dose to the cancerous tissue while reducing toxicity to the whole body. CIK-DC cell immunotherapy, the most efficient immunotherapy at present, can kill the tiny scattered cancerous cells in blood and lymph and to restore the immune system.
Features:1. Minimally invasive surgery-cryoablation, with little harm to normal function and little pains to patients, small wound and quick recovery.2. Available for advanced liver cancer patients. Most of primary liver cancers diagnosed are advanced liver cancer patients who have no chance for hepatectomy. Then cryoablation is a good option to remove the lesions safely and quickly.3. Ar-He cryoablation can block out blood vessel, which helps to enhance the therapeutic effects of TACE on large liver tumors.4. CIK-DC cell immunotherapy, as well as enhances the efficacy of Ar-He cryoablation and TACE, can improve the immune function against tumor, which significantly extends survival time with a good quality of life. 5. No toxicity or side effects.The pilot treatment for advanced stage liver cancer offered by CTC removes the lesions as well as improves immune system. It is a promising treatment to improve life quality and extend survival time. Combination of Cryoablation, Gene therapy, Antiangionesis therapy, interventional therapy and immunotherapy for recurrence and metastatic liver cancer. Metastatic liver cancer is secondary liver cancer. Together with recurrence, metastatic liver cancer usually happens in advanced stage, when the patient is too weak for another surgery or for chemotherapy. Combination of Cryoablation, interventional therapy and CIK-DC cell immunotherapy is a good systematic treatment for recurrence and metastatic liver cancer.

Lungs Cancer

General Information
Lung cancer (also called ¡°bronchogenic carcinoma¡±) is an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in pulmonary tissue. These abnormal cells can form tumors which are either benign or malignant. Benign tumors can be simply removed. Malignant tumors, however, must be treated before they are able to grow and migrate to other pats of the body. This migration is known as metastasis. Certain types of lung carcinomas tend to undergo metastasis very early in their development, making them very life-threatening and difficult to treat. Lung carcinomas are responsible for approximately 1.3 million deaths per year worldwide1.ClassificationThere are two major types of lung cancer: small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Of the two, the more prevalent type is non-small cell lung carcinoma. Carcinomas differ from mesotheliomas and sarcomas in the type of cell from which they are derived. Lung carcinomas are derived from lung epithelial cells, whereas mesotheliomas and sarcomas derive from the tissues surrounding the lungs.
Fig 1.: Microscopic image of small cell lung cancer cell histology Type 1 ¨C Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer both in its rate of growth and its ability to metastasize. It is the type most closely associated with smoking2, tending to arise in the primary and secondary bronchial tubes3, and it accounts for approximately 20% of all lung cancers4. It is usually detected only after metastasis and can be further categorized as limited stage or extensive stage SCLC. Type 2 ¨C Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) account for approximately 80% of all lung cancers5. They can be further divided into three main sub-types, which are grouped together because of their similarities in diagnosis and treatment: squamous cell lung carcinoma, large cell lung carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma ¨C this is currently the most prevalent type in the US, comprising approximately 50% of all NSCLC¡¯s6. This type tends to develop in the outer and peripheral regions of the lung, and sometimes at multiple sites. Types of adenocarcinoma include: - Bronchioalveolar carcinoma - Adenosquamos carcinoma - Papillary adenocarcinoma - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma - Adenoid cystic carcinoma Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma ¨C accounting for almost 30% of NSCLC¡¯s7, squamous cell lung carcinoma typically occurs in the central primary, or secondary bronchii. Highly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas tend to develop more slowly than other types. Large Cell Lung Carcinoma ¨C a fast-growing and quickly metastatic type of carcinoma, large cell lung carcinoma is also the least common. It is poorly differentiated and tends to develop near the surface of the lungs.StagingLung cancer staging ranges from 0 to IV for NSCLC, whereas SCLC is categorized as limited or extensive.Causes Smoking ¨C The number one cause of bronchogenic carcinomas is tobacco smoke, accounting for approximately 90% of lung cancer deaths. Cigarette smoke itself is known to contain 60 carcinogens, including radon8. Radon ¨C a colorless, odorless gas which is known to have mutagenic properties. Prolonged radon exposure tests in Iowa (the American state with the highest average radon concentration) demonstrated a 50% increase in lung cancer risks9. Asbestos ¨C these silicate fibers can reside in lung tissue for long periods of time. A possible cause of both mesotheliomas and bronchogenic carcinomas, asbestos can corroboratively function with tobacco smoking to greatly increase the risk of lung cancer. Other Causes ¨C other possible causes, drawn from recent scientific discoveries, include familial genetic predispositions and viruses with mutagenic capabilities (including HPV, JC virus, simian, BK virus, and cytomegalovirus).SymptomsCommon symptoms of lung cancers include:- A worsening cough that doesn¡¯t go away- Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)- Constant chest pain- Shortness of breath (dyspnea), wheezing, or hoarseness (dysphonia)- Swelling of the face and neck- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)- Frequent problems with bronchitis or pneumonia- Physical Fatigue, weight loss or loss of apetite (cachexia)TreatmentsIn general, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma treatments should combinate localized and systemic therapies.Localized treatments are used to remove the ¡°localized¡± tumor mass from the body. Lung cancer treatments of this type can include: * Surgery * Radiation therapy * Cryoablation¨C a minimally invasive, freezing technique used to ablate the tumor mass * RFA ¨C or Radio Frequency Ablation, a minimally invasive heating technique to ablate the tumor, but with greater limitations than cryosurgery based on tumor size and location. * TACE ¨C a vaso-constrictor used to slow tumor growth and concentrate chemo treatment * p53 gene therapy ¨C Gendicine * Anti-angiogenesis treatment - EndostarSystematic treatments are used to treat or prevent cancer metastasis and recurrence, and to heal the whole body¡¯s ¡°system¡±. They include: * Chemotherapy * CIK-DC cell Immunotherapy (a Cytokine-Induced Killer and Dendritic Cell treatment) ¨C this therapy injects naturally-occurring CIK/DC cells into the patients. The natural function of these cells is to kill small tumors, circulatory and lymphatic cancer cells, and to strengthen the body¡¯s immune system, preventing metastasis and cancer recurrence. * p53 gene therapy ¨C Gendicine * Chinese Traditional Medicine
Combination of surgery and immunotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer:Surgery removes the cancerous organ to minimize the cancer toxins. CIK-DC cell immunotherapy, as the most efficient immunotherapy at present, will be adopted to kill the tiny scattered cancerous cells and to restore the immune system.Features1. Efficient prevention of recurrence and metastasis. CIK-DC cell immunotherapy eliminates cancerous cells which may have spread before the surgery and restore human¡¯s immune system against cancer. 2. No toxin or side effect3. Good quality of life4. Improve the cure rate. Combination of Cryoablation, Gene therapy, Antiangionesis therapy, mild or standard chemotherapy and immunotherapy for advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer:Cryoablation is minimally invasive surgery, which eliminates cancer by freeze-thaw cycle. Mild chemotherapy is a modified chemotherapy which achieves the results of regular chemotherapy with half dosage and toxin. CIK-DC cell immunotherapy, as the most efficient immunotherapy at present, is given to kill any hidden cancerous cells and to restore the immune system.Features:1. cryoablation is minimally invasive surgery, with little harm to normal function and little pains to patients, small wound and quick recovery.2. CIK biotherapy, as well as enhances the efficacy of cryoablation and mild chemotherapy, can improve the immune function against tumor. 3. Low toxicity or side effects to human body. Mild chemotherapy has a regular chemotherapy efficacy with reduced toxicity and side effects. And CIK-DC cell immunotherapy helps to reduce the toxicity and side effects.4. Significantly extends survival time with a good quality of lifeCombination of Cryoablation, Gene therapy, Antiangionesis therapy, mild chemotherapy and immunotherapy for metastatic lung cancer:Metastatic lung cancer and recurrent lung cancer, usually happens in advanced stage, when the patient is too weak for another surgery or for chemotherapy. Combination of Cryoablation, mild chemotherapy and immunotherapy is a good systematic treatment for recurrent and metastatic lung cancer. It helps extend survival time significantly with a high quality of life and low side effects.